Nkag siab Click Chemistry:
Nyem chemistry, kuj txhais tau tias "txuas chemistry" los yog "ceev-matching combinatorial chemistry," yog ib lub tswv yim hluavtaws qhia los ntawm chemist KB Sharpless hauv xyoo 2001. Nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog kom ceev thiab ntseeg siab ua ke ntau yam ntawm cov molecules los ntawm kev sib dhos ntawm cov me me. Nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais txog kev tsim cov txheej txheem tshiab combinatorial chemistry raws li cov pa roj carbon-heteroatom (C-X-}C) daim ntawv cog lus thiab siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no (nias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv) kom ua tiav molecular ntau haiv neeg yooj yim thiab ua tau zoo.
Ib tus neeg sawv cev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv kev txhaj tshuaj yog cov tooj liab -catalyzed azido-alkynyl Husigen cycloaddition.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog arguably qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyem tshuaj tiv thaiv rau hnub tim. Nyob rau hauv lub catalysis ntawm monovalent tooj liab, azide thiab alkynyl pawg muaj peev xwm regioselectively tsim lub nplhaib triazole qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab. Los ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no kuj tau hloov mus rau hauv 2.0 version, uas siv cyclic alkynes (dibenzocyclooctyne, DBCO, saib daim duab hauv qab no) es tsis txhob siv cov alkynes zoo tib yam, tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm tooj liab ntsev catalysis thiab daws qhov teeb meem ntawm tooj liab ions inactivating lom tshuaj lom. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no muaj ntau yam zoo, xws li yield, tsis muaj byproducts, siab selectivity (lub tso suab, regio), insensitivity rau dej thiab oxygen, mob me me, broad substrate selectivity, thiab yooj yim post-processing.
Hauv peb cov kev tshawb fawb txog polymer chemistry, xws li cov proteins, DNA, thiab peptides, qhov hnyav molecular hnyav thiab ntim ntawm cov molecules lawv tus kheej txhais tau hais tias kev taw qhia ntawm ntau pab pawg ua haujlwm rau hauv cov macromolecules no txo qis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nyem chemistry qhov ua tau zoo, qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb, ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov kws kho mob polymer rau siab -molecular- hnyav hnyav. Hauv biochemistry, cov proteins, DNA, thiab peptides kuj yog macromolecules, thiab lawv muaj nyob rau hauv cellular thiab aqueous ib puag ncig, ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj lom neeg nyuaj dua. Nyem chemistry tus yam ntxwv muab kev daws teeb meem rau qhov kev sib tw ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj lom neeg hauv ib puag ncig lom neeg.
